Armagh passive house hides in plain sight
Photography: Oonagh McAteer / Rayoo Photography

Armagh passive house hides in plain sight

A new family home in County Armagh blends together a traditional, clustered farmhouse style and a modern aesthetic so seamlessly, you would never even guess it’s a certified passive house.

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Building type: 302 sqm cavity wall house
Location: Portadown, Co Armagh
Completed: August 2017
Standard: Certified passive house
€120 costs per year (calculated space heating)

Summerisland in County Armagh is the expression of an idea that has taken shape over the years in the pages of this very magazine: the passive house as an ideal family dwelling.

Situated on a rural site just west of Portadown, the plan was to, at once, resemble a traditional cluster of Irish farm buildings, while also offering a contemporary and light-filled living area – all while meeting stringent energy targets.

As a result, some unusual design decisions were taken, with the building taking on a near-cruciform shape, complete with vaulted ceilings and multiple sections. The payoff is that the house somewhat differs from the traditional passive house form.

Summerisland 01

This article was originally published in issue 26 of Passive House Plus magazine. Want immediate access to all back issues and exclusive extra content? Click here to subscribe for as little as €10, or click here to receive the next issue free of charge

It’s much easier to meet the standard with simpler shapes, fewer tricky junctions to insulate and seal, and as little surface area as possible through which heat can escape.

The house’s designer Paul McAlister, principal at Paul McAlister Architects in Portadown, County Armagh, says that one of the main goals was to match an elegant modern design with the low energy demand of a passive house.

“We hope it’s a nice elegant house and an attractive piece of architecture that also has low energy performance,” he says.

When it came to the design — high ceilings and a mixture of the old and new — inspiration came from close to home: the roof forms in particular, with their change in eaves heights, are reminiscent of a traditional rural cluster.

Summerisland 02

I’m from a farm myself. I like to have houses within the reach of ordinary people.

“The concept of the design was the layout of traditional farmhouse buildings. Our practice is in the countryside; I’m from a farm myself,” says McAlister. “I like to have houses within the reach of ordinary people.”

Designed with wheelchair accessibility in mind, almost everything is on the ground floor, with only guest bedrooms on the first floor. Glazing – consisting of large expanses of high performance Internorm triple glazed windows and doors – is positioned to the east, south and west side of the main living area.

“In the main kitchen-dining-living space, it gives you a lovely vaulted feeling. You get the notion that it’s a rural cluster of barns, and yet it’s contemporary,” he says.

Summerisland 03

Summerisland is McAlister’s second fully-certified passive dwelling – though his 455 sqm home for The Centre for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technologies (CREST) at South West College in Enniskillen was also certified – but in this case the idea of a passive house case came as much from the client as from the architect.

Nonetheless, McAlister is a veteran of the passive house movement at this stage — he was the first person in Northern Ireland to become a certified passive house designer back in 2010.

Summerisland 04

“I was personally very interested in it, maybe for techy, anorak reasons, but there was no demand for it back then.” But that has started to change, as his growing practice bears out.

“The passive house system relies on five elements: insulation, airtightness – which is the most difficult thing for a builder to achieve on-site – high quality windows and doors, thermal bridge detailing of the elements, and ventilation, in this case with heat recovery,” he says.

“The client came specifically to us looking for a passive house. It was my second certified one, and we’ve just finished another, and also done a [passive standard] school. It’s the first passive certified education building in Northern Ireland. We’ve also done another five [dwellings] that would meet the certification,” he says.

Summerisland 06

Asked how he came to design a house that is out of step, in terms of building form, with what we traditionally conceive of as a passive house, McAlister says that there is no reason to avoid aesthetic experimentation if the technical side of the design and construction is properly carried out. The demand for a house that conserves energy does not necessarily require a simple cuboid shape.

“My personal view is, within reason, you design the house you want—south-facing windows help obviously, but people want those anyway. Nearly any building can be made passive, even north-facing ones, which is something that people [often] don’t appreciate.”

Summerisland’s blockwork construction is another interesting factor. The build method here is about as conventional as it could possibly be: cavity wall construction sitting on a strip foundation. Wall insulation is full-fill polystyrene bead with boards used only in the floor and ceiling.

1 The ground floor features pre-cast hollowcore concrete slabs and Quinn Lite blocks at the wall-floor junction; 2 The inner leaf is completed with two courses of Quinn Lite blocks coated in Weberend.Aid to provide adhesion for plaster; 3 the building’s 250mm wide cavity walls; 4 Isover Vario vapour control and airtightness membrane to the roof, and ductwork for Dantherm heat recovery ventilation system at roof apex; 5 airtightness taping around ventilation ductwork; 6 100mm Kingspan Therma TP10 PIR insulation board above roof rafters; 7 a condensing oil boiler distributes heat on the ground floor via an underfloor heating loop; 8 upstands of Kingspan insulation at the wall-floor-junction to minimise thermal bridging here.
1 The ground floor features pre-cast hollowcore concrete slabs and Quinn Lite blocks at the wall-floor junction; 2 The inner leaf is completed with two courses of Quinn Lite blocks coated in Weberend.Aid to provide adhesion for plaster; 3 the building’s 250mm wide cavity walls; 4 Isover Vario vapour control and airtightness membrane to the roof, and ductwork for Dantherm heat recovery ventilation system at roof apex; 5 airtightness taping around ventilation ductwork; 6 100mm Kingspan Therma TP10 PIR insulation board above roof rafters; 7 a condensing oil boiler distributes heat on the ground floor via an underfloor heating loop; 8 upstands of Kingspan insulation at the wall-floor-junction to minimise thermal bridging here.

Summerisland surpasses the Republic of Ireland’s planned nearly zero energy building (nZEB) standard, even though the standard will not apply in Northern Ireland.

“It’s a traditional block with a very wide cavity,” says McAlister. “The solidity of the thing is quite nice, and you have good sound-deadening between rooms. It also has a small advantage in terms of thermal mass.”

It’s a case of horses for courses, he says. “Sometimes you get a client who has a serious ecological bent who only wants natural materials, and sometimes they are concerned more with performance.”

Having been elected in 2017 as chairman of the Passive House Association of Ireland, McAlister is also interim co-chairman of nZEB Ireland, a new independent body set up to help ensure that Ireland doesn’t fall short in implementing the EU’s mandated nearly zero energy building standard.

So, it was befitting that McAlister commissioned BER assessors IHER to check how Summerisland fared relative to Ireland’s proposed nZEB definition, even though it will not apply in Northern Ireland. The house blitzed the requirement, reaching an Energy Performance Coefficient of 0.138 – an 86.2% energy reduction on the 2005 build specs that Ireland’s regs use as a benchmark.

The calculations also show the house achieving an A1 building energy rating under the Republic’s rating system. McAlister seems pleased with the result, seeing it as a vindication of the high quality of the design. “nZEB will be mandatory for all new homes from 1 January 2020 in the Republic of Ireland. In order to achieve it you need, basically, a passive house, plus some component of renewables.”

Summerisland 07

While the original plan was to install an air source heat pump at Summerisland, that would have necessitated the installation of a new transformer on the local electricity network, a fairly costly upgrade. So, a condensing oil boiler was chosen instead, which distributes heat on the ground floor only via an underfloor heating loop.

There’s also a 4kW solar photovoltaic array. McAlister is satisfied the oil will rarely need to be turned on. “The oil-fired burner was the smallest on the market,” he says.

    

Selected project details

Architect: Paul McAlister Architects

M&E engineer: George Dawson Ltd

Main contractor: Weir Bros Construction

Cavity wall insulation: Springvale

Thermal blocks: Quinn Building Products

Roof & floor insulation: Kingspan Insulation

Additional roof insulation: Isover

Windows & doors: Internorm, via Feneco

Roof windows: Velux

Oil boiler: Firebird Heating Solutions, via main contractor

Kitchen: Greenhill Kitchens

MVHR: BEAM Vacuum & Ventilation

PV panels: Solmatix Renewables

Passive house certifier: Mosart

BER: IHER Energy Services

In detail

Building type: Detached 302 sqm cavity wall house (TFA 274 sqm)

Location: Portadown, Co Armagh

Completion date: August 2017

Budget: Not disclosed

Passive house certification: Certified

Space heating demand (PHPP): 15.44 kWh/m2/yr

Heat load (PHPP): 12 W/m2

Primary energy demand (PHPP): 64 kWh/m2/yr

Heat loss form factor (PHPP): 3.87

Overheating (PHPP): 0% of year above 25C

Energy performance coefficient (EPC): 0.138

Carbon performance coefficient (CPC): 0.164

BER: A1 (21.79 kWh/m2/yr) (indicative)

EPC: A93

Measured energy consumption: Not measured

Airtightness: 0.4 m3/m2/hr at 50 Pa

Thermal bridging: First two courses of Quinn Lite blocks at wall-to-floor junction, low thermal conductivity cavity wall ties, thermally broken window frames. Individually calculated thermal bridges for each junction.

Energy bills (measured or estimated): Estimated annual bill of €94.26 for contribution of oil boiler to space heating and €25.66 for contribution of wood-burning stove to space heating, which equals €119.92 per year or approximately €10 per month. Estimated annual bill for hot water of €506.75 or €42.23 per month (based on 6.68 occupants). Figures are estimates by Passive House Plus based on projected delivered energy of the oil boiler and stove, occupancy figures from DEAP, and SEAI’s published comparison of domestic fuel prices from January 2018.

Ground floor: 100mm screed followed beneath 250mm Kingspan TF70 insulation and pre-cast hollowcore concrete slabs. U-value: 0.086 W/m2K

Walls: 100mm blockwork externally, 250mm full fill platinum beads to cavity, 100mm blockwork internally. U-value: 0.126 W/m2K

Roof: SSQ Spanish slates externally on 50 x 35mm battens/counter battens, followed underneath by Tyvek breathable roofing underlay, timber rafters fully filled with 150mm Kingspan Aerofit EPS insulation between rafters, Isover Vario vapour control and airtightness membrane, 100mm Kingspan TP10 PIR above rafters, 50mm uninsulated service cavity, 12.5mm plasterboard ceiling. U-value: 0.112 W/m2K. Plus 450mm Isover Metac insulation at ceiling level to bedroom section. U-value: 0.091 W/m2K

Glazing: Internorm home pure KF410 triple glazed aluminium-PVC windows, with argon filling and an overall U-value of 0.71 W/m2K. Internorm HT400 timber-alu entrance door and KS430 lift-and-slide glazed door, both triple glazed.

Roof windows: Velux passive house roof window, GGU 008230, overall U-value of 0.51 W/m2K Heating system: Firebird Heatpac C26 (20 – 26kW) oil-fired condensing boiler supplying underfloor heating to ground floor and a 300 litre buffer tank. Chesney’s Milan 4 Passive 4.6kW wood burning stove.

Ventilation: Dantherm HCH8 heat recovery ventilation system. Passive House Institute certified to have heat recovery rate of 83% Electricity: Solar photovoltaic array with average annual output of 4kW

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