389 sqm home, €200 measured annual heating
Photos: Barbara Corsico & Infinity Media

389 sqm home, €200 measured annual heating

This large family home in south Dublin proves that big homes don’t need to be cold and draughty, comfortably beating Ireland’s planned nearly zero energy building standard for 2021 — even though it was finished in 2015.

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Building type:389 sqm detached house
Completed: February, 2015
Location: Rathfarnham, Dublin
Build method: Cavity wall
BER: A2
Standard: nZEB
Heating: Air source heat pump
Heat pump running costs:€202 per year on heating, €310 on hot water

Having lived in lots of different houses, when it came to self-building their own home Sinead and John were eager to take the best bits from all the properties they’d lived in. “For us the big thing was the possibility of living in a house that was warm and comfortable and draught free,” Sinead says.

“It was about not wanting to live in a cold space — and not wanting to have to measure how much heat we were putting in. There’s no point in creating lovely bright big spaces if they’re also cold spaces.”

Project architect Adrian Hill brought on board passive house designer Tom Byrne as energy consultant, while Sinead’s husband John found leading low energy contractor Mannion Passive House Builders online, and the couple eagerly visited one of their projects.

“It’s great to actually walk through a house that your builder has just worked on,” Sinead says.

Rathfarnham 01

So what did the couple want from their new family home? For one thing, they were keen to maximise views from the rear elevation, which faces south-west over a golf course. “That’s where we wanted all of our big windows,” she says. There are also brise soleil on the facade here to control overheating.

Architect Adrian Hill says his main task was to balance design with energy efficiency. High performance windows were essential given the large extent of glazing. The complexity of the roof, with its different elements and dormers, was another challenge — particularly ensuring it was airtight and free of thermal bridges. Thermal breaks to the steel work supporting the first floor also involved careful thermal detailing.

Rathfarnham 02

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Energy performance

Sinead admits living in such a low energy house has been learning curve — from understanding how the mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR) works to why they couldn’t put a letterbox in the front door (to protect the airtightness layer). “Things like that were all new to us,” she says.

She admits to being uncertain about the MVHR at first, but says living with the constant, pre-warmed fresh air delivered by the unit has changed her mind. “It’s very comfortable — it’s not an issue at all,” she says.

She’s also happy with how the house’s Nibe air-to-water heat pump is performing. “I don’t even know it’s there, I never have to turn it off or turn it on,” she says. The system - which was installed along with underfloor heating by NGS Mechanical as part of the plumbing and heating package - consists of a 12 kWh outdoor collector and fridge-like indoor unit, complete with preinstalled hot water cylinder, buffer tank, pumps and expansion vessel, with an ultrasonic heat meter, allowing its energy performance data to be studied online via an App or PC. “The software is smart grid ready and can even interact with other renewables such as PV, and it can run the heat recovery ventilation from the same platform,” said Paul O’Donnell of Nibe distributor Unipipe.

The figures look remarkable for any building, let alone a 389 sqm detached house: the heat pump is using just 3.8 kWh/m2/yr of electricity to heat the house, which works out at just €202 per year. Nibe’s monitoring also retains the two most recent months of temperature data – from March to May. In that time, the house hasn’t once dropped below 21C, and has barely ticked over 23C.

Sinead and John also have a Heatmiser digital thermostat in the kitchen, which controls temperatures in each room (there is underfloor heating in all rooms downstairs, and radiators upstairs). There are also standalone log burning stove and gas fire to individual living spaces — at 389 sqm, this is a big house, after all.

But with an energy performance co-efficient of 0.269 – meaning the building’s energy demand should be no more than 26.9% of the same building if built to the 2005 building regulations – it comfortably beats Ireland’s planned nearly zero energy building (nZEB) standard, which Ireland is legally bound to implement for all new homes completed after 2020.

“Actually this house is so well insulated I don’t think the radiators upstairs came on at all over the winter,” says Sinead. “If I come downstairs in the middle of the night, it’s the same temperature as the middle of the day.”

Rathfarnham 03

Rathfarnham 04

Rathfarnham construction in progress
(above, from left) Construction of the cavity wall house well underway; Knauf Earthwool insulation being installed between rafters; the external
walls are blockwork with a 150mm cavity, full-filled with Xtratherm CavityTherm rigid PIR insulation.

  

Selected project details

Architect: Adrian Hill Architects

Energy consultant: Tom Byrne Designs

Contractor: Mannion Passive House Builders

Mechanical contractor: NGS Mechanical

Heat pump & underfloor heating: Unipipe

Wall insulation: Xtratherm

Roof insulation: Knauf

Ground floor insulation: Kore

Thermal breaks: Farrat

Thermal blocks: Quinn Lite

Airtightness products: Ecological Building Systems

Cement screed: Kilsaran

MVHR: ProAir Systems

Windows: True Windows

Roof windows: Velux

Wood burning stove: Lamartine/p>

Clay tiles: Marley, via Tegral

Rainwater harvesting: Kingspan Environmental

Kitchen: Shalford Interiors

Rathfarnham 05

In detail

Building type: 389 sqm detached house

Completed: February, 2015

Location: Rathfarnham, Dublin

Passive house certification: N/A (PHPP design-stage figures below based on airtightness of 0.6 ACH, 0.99 achieved)

Space heating demand (PHPP): 18 kWh/m2/yr

Heat load (PHPP): 10 W/m2

Primary energy demand (PHPP): 80 kWh/m2/yr

BER: A2 (33.64 kWh/m2/yr)

Measured energy consumption (heat pump): 1445 kWh per year for space heating, 2213 kWh for hot water.

Primary energy consumption of heat pump for space heating: 8.33 kWh/m2/yr (delivered energy: 3.80 kWh/m2/yr)

Energy costs (heat pump only): €202 for space heating, €310 for hot water annually (estimate)

Airtightness at (50 Pascals): 0.99ACH (n50) / 1.40 m3/h/m2 (q50)

Heat loss form factor: 2.42

Overheating (PHPP): 0.1% (% of time indoor temp is above 25C)

Ground floor: Kilsaran cement screed (including 30% GGBS) over 2 x layers of Kore EPS 100, over reinforced concrete slab. U-value: 0.148 W/m2K

Walls: External render on 100mm blockwork, on 150mm full-fill Xtratherm CavityTherm rigid PIR insulation fitted in 150mm cavity, on 100mm blockwork – including first course of Quinn Lite blocks – with plaster and gypsum skim internally. U-value: 0.133 W/m2K

Roof (insulated on ceiling): Cold roof structure with 400mm of fibreglass insulation between and above 200mm deep joists Pro clima Intello Plus VCL/airtight membrane below rafters with plasterboard and skim finish internally. U-value: 0.11 W/m2K

Roof (insulated on slope): Marley Clay tiles externally, on battens and counter battens laid on Pro Clima Solitex Plus Breather membrane, on Knauf glass mineral wool insulation between rafters on Pro Clima Intello Plus VCL/airtight membrane below rafters, with Knauf glass mineral wool insulation in service cavity, on plasterboard and skim finish internally. U-value: 0.14W/m2K

Windows: IV 78 + HPl triple glazed aluclad windows, with glazing U-value (Ug) of 0.6 W/ m2K and frame U-value (Uw) of 0.9 W/m2K.

Roof windows: Velux triple glazed roof windows, with class four airtightness. (TBC)

Heating system: Nibe F2040 12kW air-to-water heat pump, with indoor VVM 320 module containing preinstalled water heater & buffer tank. Room sealed wood burning stove.

Ventilation: ProAir 600 MVHR unit with effective heat recovery efficiency of 88.8% (PHPP), passive house certified component. SAP Appendix Q: 91% efficiency.

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